{"id":2305,"date":"2025-08-14T16:26:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T16:26:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orregoymonagas.com\/?p=2305"},"modified":"2025-08-14T16:26:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T16:26:55","slug":"what-is-the-estimatory-oath-and-why-is-it-key-when-filing-a-liability-claim-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orregoymonagas.com\/en\/what-is-the-estimatory-oath-and-why-is-it-key-when-filing-a-liability-claim-2\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the estimatory oath and why is it key when filing a liability claim?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\t\t\t\t[et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text”]In the world of civil litigation, one of the issues that generates the most doubts -but at the same time can have a decisive impact on the outcome of the process- is the estimatory oath<\/strong>, a figure enshrined in Article 206 of the General Procedural Code.<\/p>\n

What does it consist of?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The estimatory oath can not only be a prerequisite for the filing of a lawsuit<\/strong>, but it also functions as a means of proof<\/strong> to accredit the pecuniary damages<\/strong> suffered by a person. Its relevance within the judicial process is enormous, since it has direct implications in the judge’s decisions. <\/p>\n

What are the consequences?<\/strong><\/p>\n

This procedural mechanism is designed to provide seriousness and support to the economic claims in a lawsuit. Among its most important effects are: <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. It is proof of the indemnity claimed<\/strong> if it is not contested or notoriously unjust.<\/li>\n
  2. Limit to the judge:<\/strong> If the oath is not objected to, the judge may not sentence for a higher value than that which was initially estimated.<\/li>\n
  3. Penalties for excess or lack of proof:<\/strong>\n
      \n
    • If the amount sworn exceeds by more than 50%<\/strong> the amount resulting in the conviction, a penalty of 10% of the difference<\/strong> must be paid.<\/li>\n
    • If the claims are rejected for lack of proof of damages<\/strong>, the appropriate penalty is 5% of the amount claimed<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      These sanctions seek to discourage the use of inflated figures<\/strong> in claims, something that sometimes occurs when damages are overestimated without solid evidentiary support.<\/p>\n

      The psychology behind the estimator’s oath<\/strong><\/p>\n

      This legal figure can also be analyzed from the perspective of behavioral economics<\/strong>. There are certain cognitive biases that influence both those who file lawsuits and the judges who evaluate them. <\/p>\n

      The endowment effect<\/strong><\/p>\n

      This bias leads people to overvalue what belongs to them <\/strong>, which leads them to file lawsuits overestimating the damages claimed for the losses suffered. Author Dan Ariely points to three main reasons for this phenomenon: <\/p>\n

        \n
      • The emotional charge or memories associated with the assets or rights.<\/li>\n
      • Loss aversion<\/strong>: we value what we could lose more than what we could gain.<\/li>\n
      • The false belief that others share our personal attachment to those assets or rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        All of this can lead claimants to seek disproportionate amounts<\/strong> for damages that, although real, are not always objectively quantifiable.<\/p>\n

        The anchor effect<\/strong><\/p>\n

        For their part, judges can be influenced by the so-called anchor effect<\/strong>, a bias that causes the numbers presented in a lawsuit – even if not properly proven – to unconsciously influence the final decision. In this context, the estimating oath acts as a barrier to avoid decisions based on unrealistic figures. <\/p>\n

        What about the second sanction?<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Although the rule establishes penalties also when the damages are not proven, its application is more complex<\/strong>. This is due to the subjective nature of pecuniary damages<\/strong>, which has been analyzed by the Constitutional Court in judgment C-157 of 2013. Therefore, this second sanction is infrequently used<\/strong>, which limits its effectiveness in curbing procedural abuses. <\/p>\n

        In conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

        The estimatory oath is a figure that helps to maintain balance in the judicial system, avoiding the filing of lawsuits with exaggerated claims and at the same time protecting defendants from unjustified convictions.<\/p>\n

        Moreover, its incorporation into legislation has a solid foundation in behavioral economics<\/strong>, demonstrating how law can draw on disciplines such as psychology to design fairer and more efficient mechanisms.<\/p>\n

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        In the world of civil litigation, one of the issues that generates the most doubts -but at the same time can have a decisive impact on the outcome of the process- is the estimatory oath, a figure enshrined in Article 206 of the General Procedural Code. What does it consist of? The estimatory oath can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is the estimatory oath and why is it key when filing a liability claim? - orregoymonagas.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/orregoymonagas.com\/en\/what-is-the-estimatory-oath-and-why-is-it-key-when-filing-a-liability-claim-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the estimatory oath and why is it key when filing a liability claim? - orregoymonagas.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the world of civil litigation, one of the issues that generates the most doubts -but at the same time can have a decisive impact on the outcome of the process- is the estimatory oath, a figure enshrined in Article 206 of the General Procedural Code. 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